Table of Contents

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List of Figures xix

How to Buy This Book xxxvii

Foreword xxxix

Preface xli

Acknowledgements xlvii

Letter from a Novice xlix

CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Programming 1

Baby Steps 7

CHAPTER 2 Hardware Fundamentals 11

Objectives of This Chapter 13

Inside the Box 14

The Binary Number System 32

Exercises 48

Using the 16-bit Register Names 48

Review 63

Conclusion 64

Answers to Exercises 64

CHAPTER 3 Basics of Programming 67

Objectives of This Chapter 68

Rapid and Accurate Calculation 69

The Compiler 72

How the CPU Stores and Manipulates Data in Memory 77

The Layout of Data in Memory 80

Exercises, First Set 82

The char and string Types 96

using, namespace, and std 98

int main() 100

Exercises, Second Set 109

Input and Output 110

Changing the Course of Execution 112

The while Loop 115

Exercises, Third Set 117

Our First Slightly Realistic Program 118

Exercises, Fourth Set 128

Review 129

Conclusion 132

Answers to Exercises 133

CHAPTER 4 More Basics 149

Algorithmic Thinking 150

Handling Any Number of Prizes 159

Index Variables 169

The Selection Sort 178

Program Failure 200

Review 207

Exercises 209

Conclusion 211

Answers to Exercises 212

CHAPTER 5 Functional Literacy 219

Objectives of This Chapter 223

Modules vs. Functions 223

Using a Function 239

Software Is a Virtual Computer 247

Scope of Variables 267

The Disadvantages of Global Variables 282

More on Using the Stack 285

Review 287

Exercises 290

Conclusion 291

Answers to Exercises 291

CHAPTER 6 Taking Inventory 295

Objectives of This Chapter 298

User-defined Data Types 299

The StockItem class 305

More Definitions 308

Concrete Data Types 309

The class Scope 327

More about the StockItem class Interface 333

Working around the Standard Library 348

Reference Arguments 350

Checking Inventory for a Misplaced Item 391

Review 392

Exercises 401

Conclusion 402

Answers to Exercises 402

CHAPTER 7 Creating a Homegrown string class 405

C String Literals vs. strings 406

Dynamic Memory Allocation via new and delete 417

Constructing a string from a C String 424

Assignment Operator Issues 438

Solving the Assignment Operator Problem 441

The const Modifier for Reference Arguments 444

Calling operator= 448

Review 466

Exercises 467

Conclusion 469

Answers to Exercises 470

CHAPTER 8 Finishing Our homegrown string class 473

The string Copy Constructor 483

More about the private Access Specifier 500

First Review 506

Adding Further Facilities to our string class 510

Initialization vs. Assignment 542

Second Review 549

Exercises 551

Conclusion 553

Answers to Exercises 554

CHAPTER 9 Inheritance 563

Objectives of This Chapter 565

Taking Inventory 574

Adding ReorderItems to the Inventory class 575

Adding Expiration Dates 581

The protected Access Specifier 596

static Member Functions 616

The stream classes 621

More about stringstream 624

Review 651

Exercises 654

Conclusion 656

CHAPTER 10 Polymorphism 657

Objectives of This Chapter 659

Introduction to Polymorphism 659

Exercises, First Set 693

Polymorphic Objects 694

More Definitions 694

Why We Need Polymorphic Objects 695

Implementing Safe Polymorphism 700

Reimplementing the Standard Member Functions for the New Version of StockItem 715

Avoiding an Infinite Regress During Construction 720

Reference Counting 723

Sharing a Worker Object 724

Why We Need m_Count in StockItem 743

Review 746

Exercises, Second Set 751

Conclusion 752

CHAPTER 11 The Home Inventory Project 753

Objectives of This Chapter 754

Data Items for the Home Inventory Project 755

The Manager/Worker Idiom Again 758

Hiding Unnecessary Information from the class User 763

Saving the Number of the Elements in the File 793

Creating a Data File Programmatically 797

Adding the Ability to Edit a Record 814

The New Member Functions of HomeItemMusic 839

Review 846

Exercises 853

Conclusion 854

CHAPTER 12 More on the Home Inventory Project 855

Objectives of This Chapter 857

Extending the Functionality of strings 857

How to Implement Our New string Functionality 858

The Include Guard 863

Lessons of the xstring class Implementation 878

Case-Insensitive Searching 880

Searching for an Item by a Substring 888

Putting It All Together 895

How Software Development Really Works 906

Review 907

Conclusion 910

CHAPTER 13 Analyzing the Home Inventory Project 911

Objectives of This Chapter 912

The Final Version of the Home Inventory Program 913

Using a namespace to Group Utility Functions 925

The Functions of the HomeUtility namespace 930

Checking the Inventory 955

Finishing up the HomeItem class 974

Are We Having Fun Yet? 983

Review 983

Exercises 988

Conclusion 989

APPENDIX A Tying up Loose Ends 991

Wrapping Up 993

APPENDIX B Glossary 995

Special Characters 995

A 999

B 1002

C 1004

D 1010

E 1013

F 1014

G 1017

H 1017

I 1018

K 1021

L 1021

M 1023

N 1025

O 1028

P 1030

R 1033

S 1036

T 1041

U 1042

V 1044

W 1045

Y 1045

Z 1045

About the Author 1047

Bibliography 1049

Index 1051